過去のことを表すときは、過去形を使います。
過去形は「主語 + 過去形」で表します。
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一般動詞と不規則動詞
過去形は動詞の原形に”-ed”をつけた形が大半です(一般動詞)。
- I work in a travel agency now(現在形).
I worked in a department store before (過去形). - They invited us to their party, but we decided not to go.
- The polise stopped me on my way home last night.
- Lauren passed her exam because she studied very hard.
“一般動詞”は”-ed”を付けるだけで良いのですが、一般ではない”不規則動詞”というものがあります。
“不規則動詞”は文字通り”不規則”に形を変える動詞。”-ed”ではない形を”過去形”と称して文章に入り込んできます。
一般動詞のように単に”-ed”を付けた形ではありませんが、困ったことによく使う動詞に限って”不規則動詞”が多いです。
- write → wrote : Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music.
- see → saw : We saw Alice in town a few days ago.
- go → went : I went to the movies three times last week.
- shut → shut : It was cold, so I shut the window.
- などなど
上記の”shut”のように、現在形と過去形が同じ形のものもあります。
文脈を見ないと、動詞だけでは時制がわからないという代物。。。
疑問文と否定文
疑問文や否定文では”did / didn’t”を文章に加えて、動詞を”原形”に戻す必要があります。
- I enjoyed … → 【疑問文】Did you enjoy … ? 【否定文】I didn’t enjoy …
- She saw … → 【疑問文】Did she see … ? 【否定文】She didn’t see …
- They went … → 【疑問文】Did they go … ? 【否定文】They didn’t go …
フルセンテンスにすると、
- I enjoyed the party a lot. Did you enjoy it?
- How many people did they invite to the wedding?
- I didn’t buy anyting because I didn’t have any money.
- “Did you go out?” “No, I didn’t”
“do”が主語の文章では、”do”の過去形”did”と動詞としての”do”が同時に使われます。
(did … do / didn’t doなど)
- What did you do on the weekend?
- I didn’t do anything.
be動詞の過去形
be動詞の過去形は”was/were”です。
- I was annoyed because they were late.
- Was the weather good when you were on vacation?
- They weren’t able to come because they were so busy.
- I wasn’t hungry, so I didn’t eat anything.
- Did you go out last night, or were you too tired?
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